Spine Tumor Ablation

What Is Spine Tumor Ablation?

Spine tumor ablation is a minimally invasive procedure that uses controlled heat (radiofrequency energy) to destroy metastatic cancer cells inside a vertebral body. The goal is to reduce pain caused by the tumor and, in many cases, stabilize the bone.

The Merit Medical STAR™ Tumor Ablation System uses a steerable bipolar probe (SpineSTAR®) that can be navigated inside the vertebra to deliver targeted radiofrequency energy precisely to the tumor.

It is often combined with vertebral augmentation (cement injection using systems such as StabiliT®) to stabilize the treated vertebra further.

Why Might I Need This Procedure?

Your doctor may recommend spine tumor ablation if you have:

Painful metastatic tumors in one or more vertebral bodies
Pain that is not adequately controlled by medication, radiation, or other treatments
Tumors that are radio-resistant or that have progressed despite prior radiation
A need for rapid, localized pain relief while continuing systemic cancer therapy

The STAR system is indicated for the palliative treatment of metastatic malignant lesions in a vertebral body.

How Do I Prepare?

Typical preparation includes:

Imaging: A recent MRI, CT, or PET scan to map the tumor and plan safe access.
Medications: You will usually stop blood thinners for a period beforehand (only as directed by your physician).
Fasting: Do not eat or drink for several hours before the procedure.
Lab work: Blood tests to check clotting and overall health.
Transportation: Arrange for someone to drive you home.

How Is the Procedure Performed with the STAR™ System?

The procedure is usually done as an outpatient treatment under local anesthesia with moderate sedation. You will lie face-down. Real-time X-ray (fluoroscopy) guidance is used throughout.

Typical steps:

The skin is cleaned and numbed. A thin access cannula is advanced into the vertebral body under imaging guidance.
The steerable SpineSTAR® ablation probe is inserted and carefully navigated to the tumor location, including hard-to-reach areas such as the posterior central vertebral body.
Controlled radiofrequency energy is delivered. Built-in thermocouples provide real-time temperature feedback, allowing the physician to monitor and control the ablation zone.
After ablation, many patients also receive bone cement (vertebral augmentation) to stabilize the treated vertebra.
The instruments are removed, and a small bandage is applied. No stitches are typically needed. The procedure often takes about 60–90 minutes.

What Should I Do for Aftercare?

Most patients go home the same day after a short observation period (usually 2–3 hours).

Immediate Recovery

Rest for the remainder of the day.
Mild soreness at the puncture sites is common; ice packs can help.
Pain relief from the tumor often begins within 24–48 hours.

Activity Guidelines

Gradually increase light activity and walking as tolerated.
Avoid heavy lifting and strenuous activity for several weeks, or as your physician directs.
Continue your cancer treatment plan as recommended by your oncology team.

Wound Care

Keep the bandage clean and dry for 24–48 hours.
You may usually shower after 24–48 hours; avoid soaking until the sites are healed.

What Are the Risks?

Spinal tumor ablation is generally considered safe when performed by experienced physicians. Possible risks include:

Infection or bleeding at the puncture site
Temporary increase in pain
Nerve irritation or, rarely, more serious neurological symptoms
Cement leakage (if augmentation is also performed)
Incomplete pain relief or need for additional treatment

Your physician will discuss the specific risks and benefits in your case.

When Should I Call My Doctor?

Contact your healthcare provider promptly if you experience:

Increasing redness, swelling, warmth, or drainage from the puncture sites
Fever of 100.4°F (38°C) or higher
Severe or worsening pain not controlled by medication
New numbness, tingling, or weakness in the legs or arms
Difficulty controlling bowel or bladder function